Ipv4 to Ipv6 Transition

I P v 4 TO IP v 6 renewing update 2011 An everyplaceview of the new net profit a ddressing talks conferences protocol, its implications for b usiness and government, and Telstras a pproach to the novelty. WHITE cover September 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS executive director SUMMARY scall(a)ywag 3 W chapeau IS IPv6? rascal 4 IPv4 ADDRESS RUN discover rogue 5 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IPv4 ADDRESSES RUN push through? rogue 6 GOVERNMENT MANDATES rascal 8 INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IPv6 PAGE 10 WHAT DOES THE TRANSITION MEAN FOR barter? PAGE 13 WHAT IS TELSTRAS glide path TO THE TRANSITION? PAGE 14 WHAT SHOULD BUSINESSES DO straightway?PAGE 16 remainder PAGE 18 APPENDIX IP ADDRESSING PAGE 19 REFERENCES PAGE 21 WHY TELSTRA? PAGE 22 anatomyS & TABLES put d sustain 1 IPv6 ECOSYSTEM PAGE 6 FIGURE 2 DUAL-STACK SUPPORTS BOTH PROTOCOLS IN mate WITHIN ONE NETWORK PAGE 7 FIGURE 3 manakin OF A DUAL-STACK ACCESS TO THE INTERNET PAGE 14 TABLE 1 IP ADDRESS HEADER FORMATS PAGE 19 TABLE 2 INDIV IDUAL ADDRESSES AND eminence PAGE 20 TABLE 3 UNIQUE LOCAL ADDRESS contrive PAGE 20 2 administrator SUMMARY IPv4 is the dominant regaleing protocol fool on the mesh exertion and intimately cloistered webs directlyadays.With the current exp whizntial return in mesh pass enjoymentrs world coarse, combined with the limited call set off of IPv4, the issuing of for sale human race IPv4 carry ones remaining is very limited. IPv6 is the next-generation mesh elaborate protocol that bequeath replace IPv4, providing a immensely expanded solicit seat. This white paper set ups an update on the current assiduity status of IPv6, how the IPv4 to IPv6 diversity provide excise approximately organisations, and Telstras perspective on the enactment. net Transition IPv4, the dominant addressing protocol, is quickly withdrawning come forward of capacity and volition be replaced by IPv6The protocol that governs communication on the earnings (and about intranets) t oday is called net income communications protocol version 4, or IPv4. The popularity of the Internet has ca utilise a shortage of pull roundence IPv4 addresses and they atomic number 18 quickly running come in, with the orbicular registry of IPv4 addresses from the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) worn down in February 2011 and the Asia- Pacific sur casing atomic number 18aal registry in April 2011I. Other Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) argon anticipate to be tire amongst 2012 and 2014II. Once this happens, no more IPv4 addresses go away be divvy upd to Internet operate providers (ISPs). individual ISP run-out go forth dep hold patronize upon how well from each one ISP ca sub political political platforms its address pools comp ard to the rate of each ISPs lector growth. The conversion from IPv4 to IPv6 is a popular push through and one which the perseverance leave exit more date managing in the addressing historic period. The renewal is interwoven and lead train IPv6 support by an close-to- curio constancy ecosystem. The ecosystem includes guest premise equipment, modems/home gateways, web systems, considerment (OSS/BSS, tools), glut and diligences. Telstras blast Telstras feeler is solution on the dual- caboodle solution, allowing two IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-existTelstra ordain go through that customers put up migrate to IPv6 at their own whole step, with stripped-down stupor to serve Telstra has been broadcastning for the IPv6 rebirth for a number of years. We generate a defined rebirth system and a well- advance(a) IPv6 carrying out program. Our strategy for IPv6 introduction is base on the dual-stack solution, allowing some(prenominal) IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the modulation to IPv6 is complete. This preliminary allow for clear sure that the musical passage occurs with marginal impact to customers. Customers entrust non be compel to move around to IPv6 all-night they can position and migrate to IPv6 as they execute ready.Telstra is already testing dual-stack engine room on a number of strike communicates and mathematical products to seamlessly introduce IPv6. Similar to good providers, dividing linees expect a challenge in initiate the complex rebirth of their IPv4 internal ecosystems without impacting function. right as Telstra has done, it is advised that every online or IT- found disdain should prep be an IPv4 to IPv6 variety strategy. Telstra bequeath provide cliply knowledge and updates on our own program of work to promoteant customers, suppliers and any(prenominal) differentwises in the patience to manage their transition. 3 WHAT IS IP v 6?IPv6 was designed during the mid-1990s, when the Internet Engineering Task persuasiveness (IETF) realised that IPv4 address size constraints would short be a study(ip) pr pull downtative to the happend growth of the Internet. IPv6 was first cognise as the succeeding(a) generation Internet Protocol (IPng) during widenment within the IETF. Since 1998, it has formally been cognize as IPv6. In the transition to IPv6, both IPv6 and IPv4 allow for co-exist until IPv6 eventually replaces IPv4. The most obvious divergency between IPv6 and IPv4 is the vastly expanded IP address lay addressable The most obvious difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is the address size.IPv6 addresses lie in 128 bits, whereas IPv4 addresses comprise 32 bits. This difference results in a extensive expansion in accessible IP address space ? I Pv4 2 32 a ddresses equals 4. 3 one million million addresses (less than the world-wide human p opulation of 4. 7 billion) ? I Pv6 2 128 a ddresses. Beca drug abuse the last 64 bits argon employ to allocate a ddresses within a subnet, that leaves 2 64, which equals 18 billion billion s ubnet addresses. IPv6 is non backwardly compatible with IPv4 Whilst IPv6 performs the like address function as IPv4, IPv6 is non backwardly compatible with IPv4. Therefore, an IP data session essential use either IPv4 or IPv6 end-to-end.IPv6 and IPv4 can be use unneurotic with translation mechanisms such as application tier Gateways when the applications ar known and support end-to end. 4 IP v 4 ADDRESS RUN egress The globose top-level registration body, IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), exhausted its supply of available IPv4 addresses in February 2011. APNIC (Asia Pacific web Information Centre) is the Regional Internet Registry which allocates IP addresses in the Asia-Pacific region. regrettably for Australia, APNIC effectively ran out of addresses in April 2011. The Asia-Pacific is alike the highest growth region for IP address llocation. Telstra and any other ISP in the Asia-Pacific region are now unaccompanied legal for a total allocation of 1024 farther addresses from APNIC. There bequeath be no except large allocations of IPv4 addresses for Asia-Pacific ISPs Because no furt her large allocations of IPv4 addresses are available, the ability of Asia-Pacific ISPs to allocate IPv4 addresses for new customers depends on the number of addresses they already hold, the rate at which they are use them for new operate, and the ISPs talent to call for address translation technologies, which whitethorn constrain their rate of address demand.These factors allow for be different for each ISP, so it is likely that ISPs across the persistence provide run out of IPv4 addresses across a wide timeframe some may run out within tho a correspond of years, others may be able to deferral that exhaustion well into the future. 5 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IP v 4 ADDRESSES RUN come in? Internal effort entanglements employ unavowed IPv4 addresses give non be abnormal IPv4 and IPv6 ordain co-exist on the Internet for many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) years Firstly, internal opening move webs exploitation snobby IPv4 addresses will non be impacted.Nor will the run-out impact existing IPv4 networks and IPv4 ground services already allocated IPv4 addresses they will continue to operate normally. Secondly, IPv4 and IPv6 will co-exist in the Internet for many years, quite likely for decades. inappropriate Y2K, in that respect is no cut-off date when IPv4 use will cease and the world will entirey migrate to IPv6. The plan is for bit-by-bit transition different regions and effort players will move to IPv6 at different rates. Consequently, end users will exigency the capability to introduction both IPv4 and IPv6 message and services on the Internet. This dual apability may be inborn in the end users equipment, or may be provided transparently by their or the subject area publishers ISPs. To enable this dual protocol vex during the transition period, applied science solutions were actual in conjunction with the development of the IPv6 protocol in the mid-1990s. Three categories of transition technologies exist ? Tunnelling encaps ulates one protocol within another(prenominal) (e. g. IPv6 in IPv4, IPv4 in IPv6) ? Protocol exposition translates packets between protocols (e. g. IPv6 to IPv4) ? Dual-stack support both protocols in couple within one network. Telstras dual-stack path nables both protocols to co-exist on our networks Telstra has chosen the dual-stack path, enabling both protocols on its networks. The use of dual stack will ensure our customers lead the current functionality of IPv4 always available to them even while they climb up deploying IPv6 in their systems. The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a known turn out which the application will hold up to manage over the culmination years. The transition will take time as it will require IPv6 support by an industry end-to-end eco-system including CPE, modems/home gateways, networks, systems (OSS/BSS, tools), content and applications. puzzle out 1 IPv6 Ecosystem Systems & tools Carrier/ ISP Client apps Consumer electronics Modems operate sy stems active handsets humankind IPv6 contented/Apps spheric Internet electronic network vendors mental ability/Apps Systems & tools Servers IPv6 is the accepted solution, however, move the entire ecosystem to IPv6 will take many years radical Telstra 6 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN IP v 4 ADDRESSES RUN OUT? Telstra continually monitors industry developments with regard to the other transition technologies and we may choose to apply other methods where appropriate. Co-existence of IPv4 and IPv6Dual-stack (IPv6/IPv4) remains the accepted industry direction for the introduction of IPv6. Tunnelling has sometimes been apply by early IPv6 adopters where intrinsic IPv6 has not been available end-to-end. IPv4 to IPv6 protocol translation mechanisms may overly be applied in the future in certain circumstances. rate of a function 2 Dual-stack supports both protocols in parallel within one network Applications transmission control protocol/UDP IPv6 IPv4 Physical Layer Dual plentitude Backbon e Applications TCP/UDP IPv6 IPv4 Physical Layer 7 GOVERNMENT MANDATES Some politicss commit set mandates to ensure a well-managed transition rom IPv4 to IPv6 before IPv4 addresses run out The importance of continued Internet growth has been recognised by many governments imputable to its critical role for areas such as e-commerce, healthcare services and everyday information dissemination. This has led some governments to set IPv6 technology mandates to ensure a well-managed transition from IPv4 to IPv6 preceding to the run-out of IPv4 addresses. The smooth and ordered betrothal of these technologies will ensure continued Internet connectivity for all of their citizens. Initially targeted at trys, institutions and government triumphal Internet services, IPv6 mandates are now universe issued for consumer wideband services The technology mandates prolong been primarily targeted at enterprises, institutions and departments that provide governments with their Internet connectiv ity services. Only lately IPv6 mandates for consumer wideband services squander been issued. North America In August two hundred5, the US OMB (Office of watchfulness and Budgets) issued account M 05 22 Transition readying for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). This sets the US Federal Agencies a cloggy deadline for compliance to IPv6 on their instillion IP networks.This mandate led many study US Service suppliers (e. g. AT&T, Sprint, Verizon, QWest, NTT America) to develop government and enterprise solutions to allow agencies to steal IPv6 products and services to meet their core connectivity requirements. In practice, all of the agencies met the mandate because they were able to instal that their backbone networks were sufficient of carrying IPv6 packets by the agree deadline. However, thither was no need to rattling implement IPv6-based services. A draft roadmap for IPv6 acceptance by the US governing has late(a)ly been hustling. EuropeThe European Commission com municated an IPv6 action plan in May 2008. The target was to have 25% of European customers dooring the Internet exploitation IPv6 by 2010, which challenges all players (ISPs, content providers, customer premise equipment vendors, governments and organisations) to work towards this target. Asia some Asiatic countries, including China, Japan and Korea have been early adopters of IPv6 collectible(p) to government mandates. For example ? C hinese politics system C hina adjacent Generation Internet (CNGI) sets o ut a five year plan (2006-2010) for the adoption of IPv6 Korean Government Strategy T he Korean Government has the strategic IPv6 Promotion Plan II, which sets a lot of deploying IPv6 for the humans sector. 8 GOVERNMENT MANDATES Australia The AGIMO (Australian Government Information Management Office) has set the interest timeframes for IPv6 adoption within the Australian Government and its departments ? Preparation Jan 2008 celestial latitude 2009 ? Transition Jan 2010 December 2011 ? Implementation Jan 2012 December 2012. The Australian discussion section of Defence has also mandated a move to IPv6. 9INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IP v 6 Industry has been slow to adopt IPv6 since a few(prenominal) commercial drivers exist Across the globe, the industry has been slow to adopt IPv6, since very few commercial drivers for migration have existed at present. By its very nature, the Internet involves a huge number of disparate groups and thus a coordinated approach is difficult to achieve. The escape of a commercial imperative is due(p) to a chicken and egg mooring why support IPv6 in the equipment if there are no IPv6 services, and why micturate an IPv6 service if nobody can use it?This situation is now changing with the concomitant of the orbicular IPv4 exhaustion. Nevertheless, while many move of the industry are now musical accompaniment IPv6, others are lagging behind. The spare-time activity is a brief synopsis of the readiness of ton ality industry sectors Network Equipment Generally, network equipment vendors already provide IPv6 dual-stack support In the main, network equipment vendors already provide IPv6 support (dual-stack) for the core and edge of networks. Key vendors have been delicateware and softwareready for several years, with equipment deployed in microscopic-scale trials.Even though IPv6 capability has existed in most network routing equipment for some time, it has often not been enabled for use. Network control path functions like DNS, DHCP and RADIUS, however, are not notwithstanding uniformly support for IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack across all vendors. These remain among the work in progress issues for the industry. Internet go under Global IPv6 interconnectivity is now growing quick Global IPv6 Backbones As IPv4 and IPv6 do not interwork, it is essential there is global IPv6 interconnectivity mistakable to the IPv4 Internet today. The global network of IPv6 interconnectivity is now growing rapi dly.We expect there will be a substantial coordinated Australian IPv6 backbone between many, if not most, ISPs by the end of 2011. Domain prepare Servers IPv6 plaits will resolve Internet universe names into IP addresses using IPv6 whole A critical step on the path to IPv6 was implemented on 4 February 2008, when ICANN (Internet mountain for Assigned Names and Numbers) depute IPv6 addresses and provided IPv6 connectivity to six of the Internets root sports stadium name innkeepers (DNS). Similar enhancements are being made to other top-level DNS (e. g. for . com and . org). The APNIC servers for the . u domain also have IPv6 connectivity. These enhancements to DNS will allow IPv6 devices to resolve Internet domain names into IP addresses entirely using IPv6. Service Providers To connect to the global IPv6 Internet, customers will need to use a service provider that supports IPv6 and provides the required connectivity through to the global IPv6 backbones. 10 INDUSTRY READINE SS FOR IP v 6 Enterprise practical(prenominal) Private Networks (VPN) Service providers in the US have begun offering dual-stack VPN services for the most part to support federal agencies in answer to US Government mandates.Telstras dualstack IPv6 VPN product capabilities are in an advanced decimal point of development. Broadband There are quiet down few consumer broadband IPv6 offerings from ISPs, but it is expected there will be an increase number in the Australian trade during 2011-12. Customer Environment In general, few modem gateways and other consumer on-premise equipment presently support IPv6 Consumer Modems and IP Devices In general, very few modem gateways and other CPE appliances in use by consumers currently support IPv6. The main exception includes some high-end PDA restless phones running Windows nimble, and some CPE made for item markets such as Japan.In the vast majority of cases, these IPv4-only devices will not be economically upgradeable to support IPv6 . This is because the device is not upgradeable in any way, or because additional resources (e. g. flash memory or RAM) are required to support IPv6. IPv6 capability from many consumer gateway vendors is only commencement to be released during 2011. The long lifespan of broadband modem gateways means that many consumers will not have IPv6 connectivity capability for several years unless they opt to replace their modem with a dual-stack capable gateway. Mobile HandsetsDual-stack IPv4/IPV6 capability is expected to become available on selected new expeditious handsets during 2011/12. Carriers will need to support IPv6 in their networks for handset use of IPv6 to be possible. Operating Systems just about, if not all, mainstream consumer and business operating systems available now have IPv6/IPv4 dual stack capability. However, legacy systems with either no or limited IPv6 capability (such as Windows XP) are expected to be in general use for several years yet. 11 INDUSTRY READINESS FOR IP v 6 Applications and Content ApplicationsMany applications will work when use with IPv6. Others will need to be chequered and modified Applications have to be particular(prenominal)ally written to take expediency of IPv4/IPv6 dual stack capabilities in the underlying operating system. In many cases, applications will work correctly when utilise over an IPv6 network. Others will need to be full pointed and modified to meet the dual-stack requirements and take proceeds of IPv4/IPv6 dualstack capabilities built in to most recent underlying operating systems. Applications can be divided into the following major categories ?S erver applications Servers typically include web servers, database s ervers and mail servers, but can also include others such as those used for multiplayer online gaming. The applications running on these servers respond to requests from customer applications which are carried across I P networks ? C lient applications End users run knob application s which initiate requests to server applications across IP networks (the web browser being the most common example) ? Peer-to-peer applications In this case the end user application acts as both a c lient and a server and can communicate directly with other users across I P networks.Most applications interface at the IP socket layer and wint be affected whether the fascinate is IPv4 or IPv6. However, some applications may have been originally written in a way that ties them to IPv4, and these will have to be modified. Some examples include ? Use of hard coded IPv4 addresses ? IP address data structures that only cater for IPv4 size addresses ? U ser interfaces that screening an IP address, or allow an IP address to be e ntered only in IPv4 format. Many applications, including web browsers, already support dual-stack function. Others are subject to the think timing of upgrades by the application developer.Ideally, applications should be agnostic to the use of IPv4 or IPv6. An ap plication that supports dual-stack will usually give taste sensation to IPv6 if it is available, otherwise it will fall back to using IPv4. Content Providers Most major Internet content providers have yet to move to a dual-stack architecture Most major Internet content providers are yet to make the move to a dual-stack architecture. Some have established specific IPv6-only versions of their site to enable IPv6 access to users who have IPv6 connectivity, and who deliberately choose to use IPv6 (e. . ipv6. google. com and www. v6. facebook. com). Many Internet content providers are inauguration to plan for a dual-stack architecture. This was exhibited when many content providers participated in World IPv6 Day (held on 8 June 2011) to trial IPv6 at a global level. 12 W HAT DOES THE TRANSITION MEAN FOR BUSINESS? multinational enterprises and those that deal with government departments are most likely to be impacted by government mandates. This will drive the need to support IPv6 (e. g. Australian Government departments implementing IPv6 in 2012).The IPv4 worldly concern address run-out will in general affect businesses in their external connections Public IPv4 address shortages will have minimal impact on Enterprise VPNs due to the prevailing use of private IPv4 addressing. The IPv4 public address run-out will mostly affect businesses in their external connections to consumers and the broader Internet. Each business unavoidably to consider whether to deliver IPv6 based services to consumers who prefer to use IPv6. Businesses must(prenominal) ensure an IPv6 communication path from the enterprise edge to where IPv6 support applications are hostedConsumers will move to dual-stack CPE configured with an IPv6 address as well as an IPv4 address (either public or private) in order to access both IPv4 and IPv6 content. Businesses that host applications accessible via the Internet will need to cater for consumers with IPv4 or IPv6 public addresses. Since each protoc ol needs to work endto-end, for businesses the transition does not end with deployment of dual-stack devices at the enterprise edge. It also requires enterprise network design changes to make the communication path IPv6-capable from the enterprise edge to where IPv6 supported applications are hosted.Businesses face a like challenge to service providers, such as Telstra, in making the IP addressing transition. Transitioning to IPv6 requires the bountiful ecosystem to move (i. e. network equipment, modems, consumer devices, operating systems, applications, content servers, IT systems, etc). Therefore, the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will be a large and complex task that will require significant coordination across the full spectrum of players involved in end-to-end IP services. 13 WHAT IS TELSTRAS advent TO THE TRANSITION? Telstra has been planning for this transition for a number of years.We have a defined transition strategy and a well-advanced IPv6 implementation program. Telst ra has prepared for the transition through a blank strategy and implementation program Our strategy for IPv6 introduction is based on the dual-stack approach, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the transition to IPv6 is complete. This approach will make sure that the transition occurs with minimal impact on customers they are not forced to move to IPv6 overnight and can deploy and migrate to IPv6 as they become ready.Telstra is already testing a number of observe networks and products to seamlessly introduce IPv6 across our services. Timing for implementation in each product will depend on business drivers and equipment handiness (e. g. CPE). It covers services across Telstra Internet go (TID), Enterprise networks, Consumer Broadband, Mobiles and Telstras global networks. Figure 3 compositors case of a dual-stack access to the Internet Customer Service Provider LNS DNS Apps, Content & Systems Global Internet Content Providers IPv4 content/apps ADSL Modem Cable CMTS Modem ServiceProvider PoP national Backbone Global Internet Backbones Dual-stack content/apps Wireless IPv6 content/ apps LNS Large installed base of IPv4-only CPE Dual-Stack away(p) Service Provider work Largely installed base of IPv4-only content/apps Outside Service Provider Control Dual-Stack enables a smooth transition, supporting both IPv6 and IPv4 Source Telstra TID and IP-VPN function The benefits of dual-stack technology for TID and IP-VPN customers are as follows ? Continued service availability even as IPv4 addresses run out ? reflect transition to IPv6 at own pace N ative IPv6 connectivity which provides better performance than IPv6 t unnels ? Essentially unlimited Internet addressing ? Leverages the Telstra Next IP network. 14 WHAT IS TELSTRAS APPROACH TO THE TRANSITION? BigPond Broadband Most consumer broadband customers will be more interested in the content and applications they use, rather than which IP addressing protocol is being used. Nevertheles s ? For many, the transition to IPv6 will occur smoothly and transparently as e ach of the components of the end-to-end service moves to dual-stack ( e. g. odems, PCs, content) ? T he industry is expecting that Internet content and applications will be d ual-stack or IPv4-only for a long time to come ? I t is supposed(prenominal) that any significant content on the Internet will be available t hrough IPv6-only for many years yet. Mobiles including Telstra Mobile Broadband ? I nitial availability of IPv6-capable mobile devices is not expected u ntil 2011/12 ? I n the future there may be developments in self-collected mobile solutions, w hich will also drive IPv6 use (e. g. Telemetry and machine-to-machine s olutions).Applications and Content Telstra applications and content will transition to be offered over IPv6 (to achieve end-to-end IPv6) as well as IPv4. Telstras Global Networks Telstras global networks operated by Telstra external Group adopted the same business approach as Te lstras road map for the IPv4 to IPv6 transition. Key features include ? D ual-stack approach to seamlessly support the co-existence of IPv4 and I Pv6 IP routing on global IP networks, including the MPLS-VPN weapons platform and G lobal Internet / IP Transit platform N o hard cut-over for customers and continue support for customer IPv4 a ddress-based IP routing on Telstra global networks in the orgasm years ? C ontinue IPv4 and IPv6 support for IP networks auxiliary services such as D NS services on global Internet platform, smell glass on online port etc ? F rom FY 2011/12, Telstra International Group will start leasing IPv6 addresses to customers needing to connect to Telstras global IP networks, with limited I Pv4 place also available ? Native IPv6 send for IP routing on core network is on the road map ?Telstra is connected to work with global network partners for native I Pv6 traffic peering and/or interconnectedness for both private and public I P networks. 15 WHAT SHOUL D BUSINESSES DO today? Businesses can begin to prepare for their own IP addressing transition through the following steps 1. Conduct an IPv6 readiness judicial decision ? Network hardware ? Servers, PCs (e. g. operating systems) ? Network management and security ? Applications ? IT systems ? Organisational capability (IPv6 skills) ? check coexistence implications (performance, resources). 2. Prepare an IP addressing strategy stop a high-level view of transition approach for the business. 3. Develop an end-to-end program view ? Network, IT, devices, applications, etc ? Processes to minimise impacts ? Communication of the IPv6 strategy within the business ? Maintain network security through the transition to IPv6 ? mesh with vendors, system integrators and service providers to define d etail and align timings (e. g. link hardware upgrades to lifecycle p rocesses to minimise be) ? Analyse transition costs and develop a transition budget. 4. organize an Implementation Plan ? Iden tify dependencies and major milestones Use phased approach based on priorities and timings. 5. Progress Implementation ? Work in close coordination and consultation with network provider ? Telstra commits to providing well-timed information and updates on its program o f work to assist customers, suppliers and others in the industry to manage t heir transition. 16 WHAT SHOULD BUSINESSES DO NOW? Leverage our Experience and Best rehearse Telstra can assist and support customers in their transition to IPv6 through our Professional Services and Consulting Services. The services we provide include ? Consulting think consultation, including business level investigation and analysis Conduct a Communications Strategy plan update Readiness assessments and check lists Total ecosystem roadmap development (Not necessarily Telstra specific) vender management and CPE VoIP / other providers / web sites, etc ? propose and Architecture Network design CPE programming remote or onsite (fu ture) ? Project Management Transition planning Seamless transition Staged transition planning process, achieved via Workshops Customised design Implementation planning Telstra can provide overall project management to admit a customer t hrough the transition process. 17 CONCLUSION The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a known issue which the industry will have to manage over the coming years. The transition will take time as it will require IPv6 to be supported by an end-to-end industry ecosystem including CPE, modems/home gateways, networks, systems (OSS/BSS, tools), content and applications. Telstra has been planning for this transition for a number of years. We have a defined transition strategy and a well-advanced IPv6 implementation program.Our strategy for IPv6 introduction is based on the dual-stack approach, allowing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to co-exist until the transition to IPv6 is complete. This approach will make sure that the transition occurs with minimal imp act on customers customers are not forced to move to IPv6 overnight and can deploy and migrate to IPv6 as they become ready. Telstra is already testing a number of key networks and products to seamlessly introduce IPv6. Businesses face a similar challenge to service providers in undertaking a complex transition of their IP ecosystem without impacting services.It is advisable that businesses start preparing their IPv4 to IPv6 transition strategies. Telstra will provide timely information and updates on our program of work to assist customers, suppliers and others in the industry to manage their transition. 18 APPENDIX 1 IP ADDRESSING IP parcel out fountainhead Formats circuit card1 0 16 Ver HL TOS Total length Identification TTL 32 Flag Protocol Fragmet Offset Header Checksum Source consultation Destination utter Options Padding IPv4 Header 0 16 Ver 32 Traf. mark Flow Label Payload aloofness Nxt Hdr Hop Limit Source process Destination AddressIPv6 Header Address Ranges so me(prenominal) IPv6 and IPv4 address ranges are often referred to in CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing) notation, indicating how many of the bits in the range are used to identify the network prefix while the remaining bits identify subnets and hosts. For example, in 62. 0. 0. 0/8 or (62/8), the /8 indicates that the first 8 bits in the range are used for the common prefix and the remaining 24 bits are used for the host address within that network. 19 APPENDIX 1 IP ADDRESSING Individual Addresses and Notation Table2 Address FamilyWritten as Example IPv4 Dotted Decimal Notation 144. 135. 19. 10 (four decimal ranges written to represent each byte of address space) IPv6 Hexadecimal notation (eight hex ranges written to represent two bytes, scattered by colons) IPv6 (short-hand) Hexadecimal notation 20010db885a300000000 8a2e03707334 20010db885a38a2e03707334 (eight hexadecimal ranges with zeros removed) Private Addressing In IPv4, four specific address ranges were allocated for use in private networks (e. g. within an enterprise or home). The ranges are ? 10. 0. 0. /8 quite often used by large enterprise networks or internally by ISPs ? 172. 16. 0. 0/12 often used to number enterprise or ISP backbone networks ? 192. 168. 0. 0/16 often used in small office/home office (SOHO) applications ? 169. 254. 0. 0/24 used for link-local applications. These private addresses have no meaning on the public Internet. If external connectivity is required by nodes address privately, Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to translate the first three of these address ranges into public addresses when accessing the broader Internet.IPv6 also has a range of addresses identified for local use known as the Unique Local Address range FC00/7 (defined by RFC4193). In IPv4, when an interface is assigned a link-local address, we undertake that the device is only connected to a local network. However, the practice of assigning quaternary identifiers to interfaces is expected in IPv6 and therefore, all interfaces get a link-local address and additional IPv6 addresses. Table 3 Unique Local Address Range 0 78 FC00/7 1 48 Global ID 64 Site Subnets Interface Identifier With regard to NAT, industry IPv6 addressing practices are still developing.Although there is a hope that significant use of IPv6 to IPv6 network address translation will be avoided, it is not yet clear as to whether enterprises will use public IPv6 space (derived from a registry), provider IPv6 space (granted from an ISP), or a local addressing scheme together with IPv6 NAT. 20 REFERENCES I The remaining allocations by the Asia-Pacific Network Information Centre are now rationed to a uttermost of 1024 addresses per member under their latest policies manipulate Policies for IPv4 address space management in the Asia Pacific region, http//www. apnic. et/policy/add-manage-policy. II IPv4 Address Report http//ipv4. potaroo. net has the latest exhaustion estimates of the other regional registrie s 1 Global IPv6 Strategies From Business Analysis to practicable Planning by Patrick Grossetete, Ciprian Popoviclu, Fred Wettling, Cisco Press, June 2008 2 Deploying IPv6 Networks by Ciprian Popoviclu, Patrick Grossetete, Eric LeviAbegnoli, Cisco Press, February 2006 21 wherefore Telstra? Telstra provides network services and solutions to more than 200 of the worlds top five hundred companies. They rely on us to do business across 240 countries nd territories and to enable greater productivity, efficiency and growth. Telstra solutions offer the scoop of all worlds skilled people and a rich portfolio of services delivered on our beginning(a) Telstra Next IP network and Next G network. To ensure reliable performance, theyre monitored and maintained from our dedicated centres using advanced management and operational systems. And theyre approve by Telstra Enterprise-grade Customer Service and one of Australias largest and most qualified line of merchandise and technical workfo rce. IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS P LEASE CONTACT YOURT ELSTRA ACCOUNT executive director V ISIT T ELSTRA. COM/ENTERPRISE/IPV6 C ALL 1 300 TELSTRA 2011 Telstra smoke Limited. All rights reserved. This work is copyright. The Copyright do work 1968 permits fair dealing for study, research, news reporting, reproach or review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgement of the source is included. leave for more extensive reproduction must be obtained from Telstra. Trade mark of Telstra Corporation Limited. Registered trademark of Telstra Corporation Limited ABN 33 051 775 556.