Relevance of Earlier Warfare to Modern Warfare Essay

The specialty of War has been the subject of incredible insightful movement as the qualities that make an individual a talented Commander in the midst of War have emerged extraordinary interest among legislators, officers and scholars the same. All the more shockingly, the appearance of present day fighting has thrown a sorry excuse for false notion on the psyches of numerous people and has made them to accept that the flow military expert has nothing to gain from the extraordinary administrators of the past as he is too â€Å"well equipped† to harp on such detail. In all actuality history is the best educator and as this paper advances, I will use memorable references to clarify my place of conflict that there is still a long way to go from any semblance of Fredrick the Great, Napoleon and Ulysses Grant. Contention The most importantly proof to help my proposal is that there is closeness between the objectives of the current military expert and his partner from hundreds of years prior. This similitude is progressively significant in the event that you end up battling for similar goals, a similar land and a similar adversary. It is this comparability between the two that permits the current military expert to reevaluate himself considering what's going on today. For instance, as indicated by Adam Hart †Davis (2007), the prime purpose behind the fall of Napoleon was that he attacked Russia, in the year 1812 (P. 179). The Russian Generals thoughtfully pulled back from an area crushing their own towns, homesteads, development and foundation en route. A month subsequent to crushing the Russians outside Moscow, Napoleon chose to withdraw back to Paris out of worry of loss of control. Be that as it may, his choice to do as such in the winter demonstrated lethal as the absence of asylum and foundation executed his soldiers truly and intellectually. The Russians kept quest for the withdrawing powers and figured out how to execute scores of them. When Napoleon figured out how to get back home, every one of that was left of his military was a dampened bunch of men against a proficiently prepared various power that had left Paris with him while in transit to Russia prior that year, adding to his inevitable fall in 1815. As per Gilbert (2004), a 130 years on, Hitler committed a similar error when he attacked Russia in 1941 exactly when the brutal winter began (P. 249). The Russians utilized a similar technique and subsequent to crushing the Germans at the attack of Moscow and Stalingrad, they pursued the withdrawing German powers once again into Germany appropriate and were instrumental in the fall of Berlin and the finish of the Nazi system itself. In this way, had Hitler focused on the flaw at which his ancestor had been, there was an incredible likelihood that he would not have met the end that he did in 1945. The second purpose of contention is that albeit how we direct fighting nowadays has changed, the methodology or thoughtfulness has not. Regardless of what assets in weaponry and work force that a general may have available to him, there is no denying that most definitely, there is consistently a long way to go. Consider Fredrick the Great who, in 1756, dreading a joint assault by significant European forces including Russia, Sweden, and Hapsburg Austria and so forth propelled a pre-emptive strike on its neighbors. As indicated by The procedure was of massive advantage as he had the option to pulverize some portion of the unfriendly powers that permitted good and substantial help when gone up against by a full scale attack. As indicated by Adam Hart Davis (2007), a similar procedure was trailed by Israel in 1967 when on bits of gossip about a joint Arab assault on her territories constrained her to make a pre emptive strike on Egypt, Syria and Jordan (P. 353). The outcome was that Israel multiplied its territory region in only six days by catching the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank and the Golan statures. Once more, what made a difference was not the propelled weaponry that Israel had but rather the line of felt that was shared between Fredrick the Great in 1756 and the Israeli initiative of 1967. Another model is the utilization of scene and atmosphere by the Russian Tsar Alexander in 1812 against Napoleon and by the Russian head Joseph Stalin in 1941 against Nazi Germany. This utilization of the atmosphere is yet to be seen again in any case, as per Adam Hart †Davis (2007), the utilization of the territory and the scene by the Viet-Cong against American powers in Vietnam and the Afghan Guerrillas against Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan authorizes my point that affability is something which can be gained from the incomparable Generals of the past (P. 355, 373-4). The last motivation to help my proposition is that the guidelines of commitment have not changed as weaponry or apparatuses have improved and not changed totally. This requires a progressively proactive methodology with respect to how we address the current issue, specifically, regardless of whether the current military expert remain to profit by the investigation of the Great commanders of the past. Think about a model. The Trojan War, as delineated by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey, could be the primary model in fighting history of double dealing. Whereby the Trojan pony was intended to be a blessing, it ended up being a system with respect to how the Athenian powers enter the city. Balance this with reports that in the approach the 2003 Second Gulf War. As indicated by Sifry and Cerf (2007), American knowledge organizations planted bogus proof to cause Saddam Hussein to accept that the alliance assault would originate from Turkey and not from the Southern neighboring nations of Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (P. 114). This constrained Saddam to put a bigger number of regiments to safeguard the Northern front than would have been vital. Along these lines, it very well may be contended that weaponry or devices, to an enormous degree have continued as before in nature however have changed in structure. Weapons have supplanted blades however their utilization continues as before. Gun firearms have been supplanted yet their utilization continues as before. The Trojan pony has been supplanted by bogus knowledge and subsequently the utilization continues as before. At long last, the purpose of dispute is that if the current devices for the general have just changed in structure and not in substance, there is each motivation to accept that the current military expert stands to profit a great deal by examining his partners from hundreds of years prior. End Thus, as can be seen, there is still a ton for the current military expert to gain from his antecedents. The reasons are that circumstances rehash themselves, respect is a quality that can be promptly applied and doesn't shrivel with age and the utilization of the instruments at the military removal continues as before. It tends to be contended, hence, that the best multitudes within recent memory won't be those that have the most exceptional weaponry yet those with the best Generals who happen to know the historical backdrop of those before them yet indistinguishable them. Adam Hart †Davis (2007). History: The Definitive Visual Guide from the Dawn of Civilization to the Present Day. London: Dorling Kindersley. Gilbert, M. (2004). The Second World War: A total History. London: Henry Holt and Co. Sifry, M. and Cerf. C. (2007). Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions. . New york: Simon and Schuster

49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now

49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now Facebook is the most generally utilized web based life stage today. With more than 2 billion dynamic clients, your association has many individuals to dazzle. Yet, with declining natural reach, prevailing on the stage is more troublesome than any other time in recent memory. Whats a bustling advertiser to do? Take a stab at beginning with these 49 brisk tips for accomplishing increasingly powerful advertising on the stage. Regardless of whether you’re a Facebook novice or your association has been dynamic on the stage for quite a long time, this post is stuffed with significant hints that will: Assist you with enhancing your profile. Make posts that stick out and drive huge amounts of commitment. Figure out how to assemble and investigate information to demonstrate your endeavors are working. What's more, a mess more. Along these lines, delve in, snatch some free layouts, and gain proficiency with some new Facebook advertising strategies you can execute at the present time. Theres bound to be in any event a couple of you havent attempted previously. Download Our Facebook Marketing Templates Bundle Get all that you have to make your Facebook promoting a triumph including: A web based life content schedule to begin arranging and sorting out your posts. A Facebook showcasing methodology format to help control your social group through need sorts of substance to post. A Facebook video showcasing procedure manual for help your group choose what sorts of recordings you’ll produce for your Facebook channel. An infographic on the best occasions to present via web-based networking media on keep close by for reference. An internet based life report layout to introduce the presentation of your Facebook showcasing endeavors (and online life advertising no matter how you look at it). An internet based life ROI report layout to monitor the amount Facebook is adding to your primary concern. Did You Know Makes Facebook Marketing Easy? is a definitive across the board showcasing and web based life schedule to design and distribute each post. (Alongside sorting out everything else in your promoting technique, as well). With , you can: Plan your whole web based life and showcasing methodology in one spot. Timetable the entirety of your internet based life advancement (counting Facebook posts) close by the entirety of your other substance and undertakings. Measure the consequences of your Facebook advertising endeavors with worked in highlights like Social Engagement Reports. Need to perceive how it functions? Obstacle a free preliminary and use it to attempt a portion of your new Facebook advertising tips. List of chapters: The Full List of 49 Tips Streamline Your Profile Photo Streamline Your Cover Photo Add a Call to Action to Your Cover Photo Complete Your Facebook Business Bio Information Use Facebook Tabs Offer the Right Content Stir Up Unlinked Posts Like Other Pages as Your Business Keep steady over Facebook Updates and Changes Plan Posts in Advance With Set Clear Goals Build up Voice and Tone Make a Facebook Group Trial With Video Posts Offer Videos Natively Attempt Facebook Live Utilize the Poll Feature Attempt Different Types of Image Posts Advance Links Use Facebook Post Targeting Utilize the Social Message Optimizer Maintain a strategic distance from Cross-Posting Make a Facebook Event Post at the Best Times Utilize Best Time Scheduling Ability Often to Post on Facebook Use Monitoring Tools Make Facebook Ads Explore Other Pages' Ads Add Social Sharing Buttons to Your Site Add a Link to Your Facebook Page in Your Email Signature Pin an Awesome Post to Your Page Distribute User Generated Content Welcome People to Like Your Page From Your Ads Run a Facebook Contest Band together With Influencers Label Other Companies in Posts Focus on Your Audience With Facebook Product Sales Ads Lift Posts the Right Way Use Dim Posts Use Carousel Ads Cross-Promote Ads on Instagram Use Facebook Ads Manager Focus on Facebook Analytics Utilize Social Engagement Reports in Track Facebook Referral Traffic With UTMs Test Ad Design and Copy Be Mindful of Customer Service Part with Great Content For Free49 Facebook Marketing Tips to Drive Better Results Right Now through @Tips For Setting Up Your Facebook Business Page The initial phase in any Facebook promoting procedure is getting your business page set up. You may as of now have a business page going, however these tips can even now help ensure your profile is successfully enhanced. 1. Advance Your Profile Picture The most ideal approach to advance your profile picture is to: Utilize your logo. Ensure it’s a high-goals photograph is still clear when it’s contracted down to little estimate. Guarantee it’s 180px by 180 px. For instance, investigate Target. Their profile picture is clear, in any event, when seeing in a portable application: 2. Pick the Right Cover Photo To guarantee that your spread photograph has the greatest effect, the photograph should: Be the right size at 828 px by 315 px. Relate back to your profile picture. The two should fit together. Be under 60 seconds if your group is utilizing a spread video. For instance, Lululemon utilizes a connecting with photographs of their item being used to grandstand new yoga pants, their staple item: You can utilize video from occasions and other in the background minutes to feature organization culture and more in your spread photograph: Posted by Concordia College on Monday, October 9, 2017 3. Include a Call-To-Action Your Cover Photo Your spread photograph gives you loads of room to play with, and it’s a noteworthy piece of your Facebook profile. Why squander that colossal measure of room when you can include a convincing CTA and urge your crowd to make a move? You have three unique alternatives for your spread photograph CTA. It can highlight: 1) The like catch: this kind of CTA ought to be utilized when you need to develop your crowd. It guides them legitimately and keeps it basic since they should simply click. A case of this is one of Short Stacks past spread photographs: Facebook has changed their spread photograph rules. We're telling you the best way to use these changes. This week we're exhibiting requesting that individuals Like you. Stay tuned for additional in the weeks to come! Posted by ShortStack on Monday, April 8, 2013 2) The follow button: The follow button is somewhat not the same as the like catch in the way that crowd individuals who pick this activity have more authority over when your substance appears in their feed. They can decide to organize your substance, so it shows up promptly in their newsfeed or even get notices each time you post. Your spread photograph could be as basic as this one: 3) Custom CTA button: Facebook likewise gives you the alternative to include a custom CTA button your Facebook channel that your spread photograph can help drive your crowd to click. To utilize this catch, go to your Business page, and in the upper right-hand corner underneath your spread photograph you should see + Add a Button: A spring up window will show up soliciting you pick the sort from button you need to put on your page: Every alternative has a progression of various CTA’s to look over. Your group should choose what activity you need your crowd to take to decide the correct catch type: When you select your CTA, Facebook will walk you through how to pick the means that you need your crowd you take after they click that button. For this model, we needed individuals to visit the site: From that point onward, the CTA catch ought to show up on your page: So what does a spread photograph that’s point to a CTA button resemble? This is one of the spread photographs we had up that urge individuals to tap the catch to pursue a preliminary of our item: Suggested Reading: How to Write a Call to Action in a Template With 6 Examples 4. Fill in Your Facebook Business Bio Completely The last advance in making your Facebook business page is to round out your life story. Facebook has a more broad bio area than other informal organizations. The initial segment of your profile ought to include: The establishing date of your organization. Your statement of purpose. Contact data including telephone numbers and email addresses. Connections to your site. The following piece of your profile is going to give your clients more data about who and what your association does. It ought to include: A short â€Å"about us† segment. An organization outline. General data. A rundown of items and administrations your organization offers. The last piece of your profile is called â€Å"Story.† This is a space that your association can use to clarify how your organization began as well as what makes your association you. 5. Use Facebook Tabs To Organize Your Content Facebook tabs are an extraordinary method to compose diverse substance types and permit your crowd to discover the data they are searching for. Two or three things that advertisers should remember with regards to utilizing Facebook tabs: 1) Their area has changed: Before Facebook tabs used to be found right underneath your spread photograph, and styled like how you would see tabs in a file organizer. Presently tabs are found vertically on the left-hand side of your profile: 2) You can include pre-made tabs to your Facebook page: To get to those tabs go to the settings on your business page: Select Edit Page: Look down to Tabs: On the off chance that you select Use Default Tabs Facebook will consequently pick the tabs that they accept would be the best fit for your page. Else, you can include other premade tabs by looking to the base of the tabs segment and clicking Add a Tab: 3) Build Your Own Tabs: Facebook gives administrator and page editors the alternative to fabricate their own tabs utilizing the Facebook Developer page. This procedure can get convoluted rapidly, particularly if you’re lacking coding aptitudes. Luckily, Facebook has a full instructional exercise in the event that your improvement group needs assistance beginning. Suggested Reading: The HTML Cheat Sheet Every Content Marketer Needs 6. Offer Your Best Content In the event that your span, offers, and commitment are low, it could imply that your crowd simply doesn't care for the substance you're sharing. Luckily, there are approaches to

How to Create an Advisory Board for Your Business

How to Create an Advisory Board for Your Business © Shutterstock.com | Andrey_PopovIn this article, we explore 1) what an advisory board is, 2) types of advisory boards, 3) functions of an advisory board, 4) how to create an effective advisory board, and 5) the conclusion.WHAT IS AN ADVISORY BOARD?An advisory board is a group of select people who are retained for the sole purpose of providing strategic advice to a business entity. The role of an advisory board is non-binding and informal in nature. In most cases, the advisory board may consist of people drawn from various walks of life, with diverse capabilities and expertise in various areas of a business. Businesses may wish to have advisory boards so they can utilize the expertise of the advisors and enhance their business capability. Advisory boards provide valuable inputs to business structuring and management, and may also provide the latest industry news. They offer guidance and advice on operations, legal matters, finance, manufacturing, organization and the competition to benefit the business.Advantages and disadvantages of having an advisory boardAn advisory board is beneficial to a business, especially a startup, when the business owners do not have much experience in running a business or wish to have a better understanding of a process. They can benefit by aligning themselves with experts in the field and learning through their advice. Since the board consists of people from various professions with expertise in diverse fields, their combined advice and help can make a marked difference to a business.It can help a fledgling business by identifying business opportunities and strategic partnerships with other businesses, which can be a great boost to any business. It also helps in developing a business strategy for the business by providing direction.One of the biggest advantages of an advisory board is that it provides a fresh perspective by looking at the business from an unbiased point of view and identifying strengths and shortcomings of busine ss policies that the owners/management of a company cannot often spot.The advisory board often complements the board of directors by filling in any knowledge gaps. Sometimes, it may be constituted even before the board of directors itself. The advisory board can work as a springboard for the induction of a board of directors, providing the business owners an opportunity to observe the advisors and assess their chemistry and capabilities before inviting them to the main board. The advisory board is also more efficient as the number of people on the board can be contained and changed without much hassle. It helps the executives to test out their ideas without fear, as the board is there to advise and not to govern. This means less stress and tension for the executives. Having a stalwart of the industry as an advisor for a company provides great leverage for a startup. It builds up the credibility of the company as the reputation of the expert helps the business he/she is advising.Even though the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages, an advisory board has its own drawbacks. The most important one is that it has no fiduciary responsibility or legal liability and can sometimes provide advice that may not be totally safe for the business. The other disadvantage is that a member of the advisory board is not an employee of the company and may work for little or no compensation. This can often lead to a lack of commitment. It is common for a person to be on many advisory boards of different companies, and this can create a conflict of interest, especially if it is an industry expert who is well sought after by other businesses in the same line of work.Finally, the success of an advisory board depends a lot on the people that constitute it. Thus, it is incumbent upon the owner of the business to choose the members carefully.Does your business need an advisory board?If you are wondering about the usefulness of an advisory board, then you should stop worrying. They a re essential, and more so in the initial stages when there are gaps in a business’s knowledge bank. It is difficult to find people for all the key positions and also the companies may not be able to afford such personnel initially. Hence, it is better to look for an advisor who would provide guidance to the team without getting full-time pay. Establishing a strong advisory board and utilizing it well may often mean the difference between failure and success. Naturally, the decision for whether or not a business requires an advisory board is based upon different criteria for each enterprise. Virtually any company or business may benefit from the perspective and wisdom of an experienced collective of outside advisors. Such a group enables a CEO to have mentors, a sounding board, and the space to share the successes and the problems of business operation with objective individuals, thus making the top a less lonely responsibility. As cited in research, the predominant reason in creat ing a board of advisors is to induct  external expertise into the company. Other key reasons are as follows:Every CEO or entrepreneur needs help to refine a business plan or a product idea.Advisory boards supplement the core competencies of an enterprise, thus avoiding any dilution.Experienced advisors help you to avoid mistakes, or make negative business decisions.Your advisory board may concentrate on a specific task, thus it becomes a simplification asset.Interested advisors become advocates for the business, which translates to access to capital.Competitive insight means advisors increase knowledge regarding potential competitors.Advisory boards help in making key decisions when researching and launching products or services as well as refining business plans.TYPES OF ADVISORY BOARDSThere can be many different types of advisory boards based on the expertise of the members or the purpose for which they have been created. Some advisory boards include:Science Advisory Board (SAB)A Science Advisory Board is comprised of people who are experts in any field of science. You will generally find scientists, doctors, technologists and researchers on SABs. Their duties are to advise the organization about the scientific impact of an action. Such boards are often associated with environmental agencies, the United Nations, etc. Almost every biotech enterprise has an SAB, and they can be extremely valuable in helping to shape a portfolio or program, even to raise the visibility of a startup.Medical Advisory Board (MAB)Generally, the members of an MAB are prominent scientists and luminaries in bio-medical research institutions, who constitute the principal advisory group for the scientific programs of an institute, pharmaceutical or medical research organization. Other MABs may be populated by physicians and medical experts, though this naturally depends on the nature of the entity being advised. Typical roles of an MAB may include advising on the long-term strategy of a n institution for achieving its goal of promoting biomedical research and science education or overseeing proposals for future research and grant programs.Technical Advisory Board (TAB)The TAB is normally established when there is need for technical advice. Technologists, innovators, and field leaders in technology normally populate this board. The purpose of the board is to provide guidance regarding implementation of technology policies of an entity, which could be a government agency or a technology firm, in order to develop cutting edge technological products and services.The contact network of technical and technology advisors is very different from that of business advisors, and therefore may or may not match with the introduction the entity seeks. Before engaging a TAB member for the purpose of accessing their network, ensure it is the right network.Content Advisory Board (CAB)A CAB may be required, for example, in a publication, a magazine, an online portal, blog or broadcas t outlet. The board is comprised of industry figures who contribute expertise, guidance, and knowledge to the print magazine, digital publication, or broadcaster’s editorial staff. Drawn from the relevant industry, these individuals can ensure that an outlet meets the requirements of its readership or viewership by authoring articles, producing webinars, critiquing current content or advancing story ideas and topics for future coverage.Startup Advisory BoardThe two most likely reasons a startup would create an SAB are firstly, for ‘advisory value’, i.e., the individual being invited has experience and knowledge and therefore may act as an advisor to your startup. Secondly, SABs are helpful for ‘brand value’. The target individual has ‘brand’ and thus credibility. By inviting that person to an advisory board, one logically hopes that some of their credibility will rub off on the startup.If the startup has a high degree of technical complexity, then it may well require a brain trust to help to get a product out the door and also turn around technology issues. In this case, individuals with great expertise but perhaps less brand value, may be the order of the day.Fundraising Advisory Board (for non-profit companies)Fundraising advisory boards are often a positive way to rejuvenate the energies of a non-profit organizations advancement and leadership experience. They can help to give clarity and focus regarding where the organization is heading and how it will actually arrive there. Opportunities are expanded for attracting new talent, perspective, and participation with members who are honored by the invitation and eager to contribute. Such advisory boards may consist of socialites, wealthy individuals with a bend towards philanthropy, social and charity workers of good standing within the community, events managers, finance experts, etc.Programmatic Advisory Board (for non-profit companies)Programmatic advisory boards can be formed if a non-profit has perhaps mostly wealthy members who view their role as primarily fundraising, yet have scant experience of those issues in which the non-profit is involved. Most of those board members are neither well-connected to the low-income client population, nor are they experts in the primary work of the non-profit. The programmatic board is composed of low-income clients, social workers and others who are experienced in the programs and are qualified to collate information and feedback on the non-profit programs.FUNCTIONS OF AN ADVISORY BOARDThere is no empirical rule as to how an advisory board must operate. It may meet irregularly, provide high-level and long-term strategic insight; or its function may be like that of a business development consultant, seeking to create introductions, to open doors and to generate new leads.Successful advisory boards are sure about their duty. Clearly establishing and communicating the roles and expectations of the advisors and articulating their manda te and purpose is crucial. Some features of a typical mandate may be:Advising on a specific aspect of business such as product direction, marketing, contact network expansion or customer service.A board may consist of customers and prospective customers who contribute insights into product development and marketing issues.Developing an understanding of the specific business and marketplace, and gauging future trends while providing timely knowledge about competitors, upcoming political, regulatory and legislative developments that could have an impact of the company.The owners, directors or management may raise issues and seek objective advice and creative thinking from the board, regarding a new strategic position.Offering the directors and management insights and practices which may only be possible to observe at a distance from the daily operations, thus helping to see the operations afresh with an open mind.The board may be general in scope or focused upon a specific industry, m arket, or issue, thereby supporting and encouraging the adoption of current business ideas such as the inculcation of cutting edge technology, or the decision to go global.Acting as a resource for executives who can present their ideas and strategies to the board for their advice and feedback.Encouraging, without stifling the vision or spirit of the founders, the development of a framework of governance that facilitates continued growth.Actively monitoring the performance of the business to improve business and subsequently challenge the management and directors to consider options for the same.Helping the executives think outside the box. Advisors who are familiar with different geographies and hail from different intellectual disciplines regularly provide keen insights into key economic and geopolitical challenges.HOW TO CREATE AN EFFECTIVE ADVISORY BOARDCreating an advisory board is not very difficult once you have decided that you need a board of advisors. Here is a step-by-step process for creating an effective advisory board.Step 1: Define the purpose and the goals of your advisory board.The first thing to do before forming an advisory board is to critically assess one’s own area of knowledge to discover where knowledge augmentation is required. Once that has been identified, then the entrepreneur should start looking for people who will fill the gaps and provide valuable inputs. Having advisors at the startup stage is very useful as you can forgo hiring executives whom you have to pay a salary in favor of advisors, who needn’t be paid up front, but work for an honorarium or share in the company.Step 2: Look for doubters (and leverage your network to find the right members).While looking for the right experts to advise you, look for people who know their work and have the gumption to tell you to your face what they feel about a particular matter. Outspoken and bold people will give you sound advice and will not be afraid to stand by it. Such impassio ned advisors are your company’s best friend. While you may be tempted to avoid people who give harsh feedback, you need to understand that these are the advisors who are likely to be the most honest. So instead of avoiding them, you should recruit the doubters.Finding the right members may seem like an uphill task, but if you look in the right places you will find them. Take advantage of your own network to find the right people to populate your board. Since such people are familiar with you, they may be more willing to fill the spot. In case, you cannot find a person with the desired qualifications, ask your personal and professional network to give you references for people who might fit the bill. It is essential that any potential advisor be genuinely willing to help an entrepreneur and there should be a positive relationship between the two of you.Step 3: Select the right people for your advisory board.Selecting the right people is the key to an effective advisory board. The c omposition of the board will depend on an organization’s priorities and goals. One may not be able to create a comprehensive advisory board in one broad stroke.Although it is prudent to establish diversity on the advisory board, it is equally important to have dedicated and committed advisors who will ensure the stability of the business. When considering the composition of an advisory board, the company should decide what skills and experience rightly belong there as foundational, and what type of minds could add their input as creative catalysts.It is recommended by experts that you not ask professional advisors, such as accountants, lawyers, and bankers, to participate, unless your strategy is dominated by their fields of expertise. Alternatively, consider finding advisors who are in full-time jobs and yet are intrigued by the approach. It is preferable to have an advisor who is not earning a living from your business. It is also preferable to induct a board that does not inclu de family, friends, or anybody with an emotional stake in the enterprise.Make sure that the advisors you choose are sharp and experienced while also keen to share. Moreover, they should dovetail with the personalities in the room, including your own. The key features to look for in an advisor are:A strong personality and not afraid to give honest feedback.The skills that they have and how they will be utilized for the benefit of the enterprise.A commitment to the development of the enterprise.A degree of mutual trust and respect.Someone who knows their subject and commands respect not only for their knowledge but also their personality.Step 4: Structure your advisory board (forget the size and focus on the expertise).While creating your advisory board, it is essential to pay attention to quality not the quantity. You don’t need many advisors; you need advisors who are experts in their fields. Naturally it is vital to articulate a clearly defined purpose for an advisory board or gr oup. If there is no clear-cut vision behind the structure of the board, it may lead to confusion and ineffectiveness. At the beginning, when developing it, you must answer some basic and pertinent questions:Who would you like to see on your board?What would be the size of the board?What will be your focused objectives?How can you construct an agenda that supports your objectives?What expected outcomes are envisaged?How will success be measured?How will the board meet: when and for what duration?How will you compensate the board?Not everything will be clear at the outset, however after an initial meeting or two with the advisory members, the goals will be clearer and the roles of each member defined. It is essential to have a free-ranging discussion of possibilities, evaluation of ideas and prioritization of objectives to determine the ways to utilize the available resources of the advisors. It is incumbent upon the enterprise to design an experience for the advisors that is stimulat ing and well-organized; this will help ensure that members feel that their advice is valued and applied.Step 5: Communicate your expectations to the members of the advisory board.The entrepreneur is obliged to communicate the value that he wishes to derive from the advisory board. You will do well to communicate to the members what it is that you expect from them as advisors and what value you are seeking from their inputs. It is about expectation and context. The value that members can add is commensurate with what the advisory board needs and aspires toward. Ultimately, it is a question of where their specialty lies and the particular skills they bring with regard to that expertise. For some advisors, one may be happy to simply have their name on the web site, like a patron, while for others, you may wish to consult with them regularly.Step 6: Appreciate and compensate the work of your advisory board.Members need to be compensated for their time and advice. This needs to be done i n a manner that is neither a big burden on the company nor too little for the board members to feel underpaid. You need to consider the value an advisor brings to the table when determining compensation. Some advisors may be honorary members and may not demand compensation beyond having their name prominently associated with the company, but these are few and far between. Others like to be paid for their time and expertise. So, if your business is up and running, then show respect to your advisors and compensate them. If you are paying your advisory board, you will be more likely to take the advice proffered more seriously and prepare better for the meetings.It is highly likely that any person you induct onto your board as an advisor is a busy and sought after person. So you need to provide some value in return for time spent counseling and finding solutions to your problems. This is not an easy task as advisors are paid for results. They are not paid for their inputs; they are remu nerated for their outputs.Some companies prefer to give a percentage of the equity, if they find the advisor invaluable to them. This ensures that the advisor is duly compensated, and his/her interest in the company is stoked as the profitability of the company is of personal benefit to them. This is better than paying in cash as, if one pays in cash and wants that service repeated, then a repeat payment will need to be made to the advisor. If however, the advisor’s service is remunerated via equity, then the payment is one time only, but the business keeps getting the service ad infinitum. Equity can be a reward for service that keeps on paying the business dividends. The shareholders may own the company, yet the company also owns them.Step 7: Ask for honest and direct advice and maximize the valuable advice from your advisory board.There has to be a degree of honesty and openness in the board. Frank and honest opinions matter a lot, and you should be able to handle opinions if y ou wish to improve your performance. Ask them to identify the problems and then give you an honest evaluation and solutions to the problems. Encourage the advisors to share the mistakes they made in getting to their positions as experts, so you can avoid those mistakes and learn from their experience. In order to get valuable advice from your advisors, you have to know what you want from them. You have to put forth questions for them to answer, find scenarios for them to offer solutions, involve and inform them in your business. The more they see of your business the more they will be able to offer by way of useful advice.Step 8: Meet or communicate regularly with your advisory board (using a traditional set up of meeting in person, conference call, or other methods).Once your advisors are on board and ready to be of service, the board members should be prominently featured in all your corporate profiles. You need to communicate with them regularly, and follow through on the stated commitments. They should have information regarding the latest developments in your business. This can be facilitated by emailing all relevant reports to the advisors. Sometimes, you may need to communicate with a certain member of the advisory board for a specific reason; you can facilitate this by inviting the member to a meeting, either in person or through phone calls, or video conferencing. This can take place anytime that you need the services of the advisor.Experts say that an advisory board should meet at least once every quarter. There are some companies who like to convene their meetings more often. There is no set rule for the scheduling of meetings, each business should examine their own needs and decide upon the timing and the venue, and give advance notice to the board members so they can ensure attendance.The board meeting must aim to be result-oriented. The meeting minutes must be collated and circulated to the company’s top management and should preferably include the recommendations of the panel regarding key issues.Step 9: Keep your advisory board up to date.Keep your advisory board members informed of the company’s activities in between the meetings. It would be wise to send copies of the monthly financial and operational reports to the advisors, so that they are kept up to speed on how the enterprise is progressing. This also helps the advisors in spotting any problem areas that they can discuss during the next meeting. The fact that the members have agreed to be on the board implies strongly that they do care about the welfare of the company. If they are consistently updated on the goings-on of your enterprise, they will be of greater value to you.Step 10: Respect the input and advice from your advisory board, but fire the members who bring no value.It is essential to respect the time that the advisory board spends on addressing your problems. If you are not willing to execute the advice of a board of directors or an advisory board, t hen it is better not to establish one. In giving a commitment of their time, the greatest disrespect to any board is to take that time and do nothing with it. Not only will one’s credibility dissolve with that board but also with any future board members too. You are not obligated to accept all the advice given by the advisory board, as it is not a statutory body, but you are obligated to give due thought to the advice and then accept or reject it.But also, you cannot squander company equity with unproductive advisors. Waste no time on advisors who will not return your telephone calls, attend meetings or put forth any worthwhile suggestions. An advisory board has no place for bad advisors. It is best to find a way to let them go without too much fuss. To this effect, you may even consider creating short-term agreements with advisors regarding specific deliverables, akin to a typical consultant contract. If the advisor performs, then renew the contract. If no performance has been d elivered, then let it fizzle out.ADVISORY BOARD VS. BOARD OF DIRECTORSThe board of directors is a statutory body that has a legal obligation and acts as a fiduciary for the shareholders. They simultaneously monitor the organization and its management to impart their duties as fiduciaries toward the shareholders. If required, company directors can, and often do, replace a CEO.Conversely, advisory boards, as a consultative group, may be created, sustained or dissolved at the discretion of the company CEO. Advisors do not have any power to wield, let alone to instruct executives or direct an organization.Advisors are usually a useful asset for the main board to challenge its own assumptions or policies, particularly regarding a specialist skill or technical matter. Members can focus upon and occasionally challenge research and intelligence work carried out by the enterprise.Proper structuring of a board of company directors or advisors is an important element to determine the success o f an enterprise. The members of both the boards are people upon whom the business relies to vote on key decisions, or for inspiring strategic direction. It is essential that the role of each board is understood, and thus correctly established.You may consider having a board of directors if you can abide by the requirements that are legally entailed with a statutory board. When there is a legal imperative, directors have a deeper and broader sense of responsibility to the stakeholders, and to the health of the company or institution, especially in an emergency.Advisory boards provide slightly less benefit than a board of directors. Many long-time small-business advisors constitute a board of directors.  An advisory board can give its best advice without worrying if that advice is going to come back and bite them. This certainly does change an individual’s perspective.CONCLUSIONThe advisory board is a mechanism that offers long-term guidance. The main point of an advisory board is t o garner expertise from outside. Advisors should provide knowledge, understanding and strategic thinking to an industry or the management of a company. Whatever their role, advisory board members must also be utilized for the value of their network.‘Advisory service’ differs from an advisory board, as this offers short-term guidance, by payment. Startups regularly require advisory services to guide them in establishing a business. Guidance is usually required at the outset. Hence, short-term help that provides services relating to the development of a business plan and financial projections can be invaluable. The goal of advisory services can be to assist the startup entrepreneur with the materials and requisite knowledge to raise funding while also ensuring that the business simultaneously grows its product and clientele.Subsequent to the initial phase, some advisory services help startups to induct advisory board members by utilizing their existing contacts with professionals. As a startup, you may want to begin with an advisory service rather than a full-fledged board.

The Rise and Fall of the Negro Baseball League Essay

The Rise and Fall of the Negro Baseball League For the better part of the 20th century, African American baseball players played under unequal opportunity. On one side of the field, European descendants were given a license to play this childrens game for money and national fame. While on the other side of the field, African slave descendants were also given a license to play - as long as they didnt encroach upon the leagues of the Caucasians. What was left over for African American player in terms of riches was meager at best. Though the fortune wasnt there, the love and fame within the African American communities made the players of the Negro Baseball League legends. I chose to explore the Negro Baseball League to form an†¦show more content†¦However, after many unfortunate incidents, blacks were silently banned from playing major league baseball. In a racially segregated America that dictated a separate game for white and black fans, there necessarily developed two distinct baseball cultures. During this separation, baseball was not complete. The majority of Americans rode with the flow of the mainstream, following its course intently, with only an occasional excursion to see the flow of the parallel stream. Thus, for a half-century, white Americans sat watching major league baseball, only vaguely aware of the shadowy world of black baseball that existed beyond the scope of their vision(Riley, J. 1996). To most white baseball observers, black ballplayers were as unreal as the shadows on Platos wall. In this world of reflected images there existed exceptionally talented players whose ability was unsurpassed anywhere. African Americans continued to play baseball by forming their own teams. All the teams barnstormed, or traveled around, to find competition. At this time, there was no formal league to organize these teams. It was during the barnstorming era that the term, shadowball, came into being. During this time, the New York Lincoln Giants warmed up by playing something called shadowball. This activity had all the players pretending that they were hitting or pitching a ball. This act, before the games, really amused the crowds. In 1920,Show MoreRelatedSports, Does Talent Actually Matter?1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn sports, does talent actually matter? We would like to think that the structure of sports allows the cream to rise to the top, that the best of the beset are the ones that move on to the professional leagues, are the ones that get the highest paying jobs. We would like to think because that is what we’ve been taught by society, that through hard work, you can make yourself good enough to make simply make it. That is what the American Dream is, so why not apply that mentality to the sports worldRead MoreBaseball : The Rise And Ruin Of A Black Institution Essay1886 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball, America’s so-called national pastime, has a history that closely mirrors the country’s own. Specifically, for most of the first half of the twentieth century, white and black Americans played in entirely separate leagues like much of the heavily segregated society at the time. White owners and general managers would simply not allow black ballplayers on their teams, regardless of their skill level. While white s had organized baseball, a rigid professional system complete with minor leaguesRead MoreEssay on The History of Baseball2347 Words   |  10 PagesThe History of Baseball Baseball in America is about as common as alcohol in college , it is everywhere and participated by everyone. Children and adults play baseball in small towns and large cities and professionals play it throughout the country. The game of baseball is Americas pastime and it popularity is enormous. The beginning of the 20th century between the 1930s sparked the emergenceRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Troy Maxon1278 Words   |  6 PagesThe Rise and Fall of Troy Maxon: An Analysis of August Wilson’s play Fences In Fences, August Wilson, the playwright, provides a believable and powerful examination of the African American experience in the late 1950’s. It provides an apt portrayal of the mentality of African American men going into the civil rights movement, as well as a well-developed account of the friction that occurs between a father and a son, and a husband and wife in the face of conflict. According to Wilson, his play providesRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement3995 Words   |  16 Pagesmandatory minimum sentences and 20% more likely to be sentenced to prison than white drug defendants (11 Facts About Racial Discrimination). Racism in professional sports goes back decades. Not just in any particular sport but all sports such as baseball, boxing, and basketball. Athletes and professional teams are all affected by racism. Athletes have responded to such racism on their own and as a team by making a stand and protest. A very famous racial protest that people might ve heard of or definitelyRead MoreModern History.Hsc.2012 Essay25799 Words   |  104 Pagesconservatives opposed FDR’s wide-sweeping change of direction, but they were largely ineffectual in their opposition. Among FDR’s conservative opponents were Democrats, John W. Davis and Al Smith who mobilized business men into the American Liberty League. Opposition to FDR’s New Deal also came from the Old Right, a group of conservative free-market anti-interventionists, originally associated with Midwestern Republicans led by Hoover and Robert A. Taft. The Old Right accused Roosevelt of promoting

College For All Gaps Between Desirable And Actual P 12...

Education Research Article Classification Cara Beaty Article: College for All: Gaps Between Desirable and Actual P-12 Math Achievement Trajectories for College Readiness, by Jaekyung Lee, from Educational Researcher Volume 41, Number 2, March 2012 Classification: Question: Is the article or report empirical research? Yes, because empirical research as define from McMillan, relies on data that is tangible. We know this report to be empirical or tangible because the models came from nationally represented data samples of assessments in the United States. These three assessments were then compared against one another. Question: Is the research quantitative, qualitative or mixed-methods? The report is unquestionably quantitative.†¦show more content†¦Lee believes there is a disconnect in our current P-12 education system and actual college readiness and completion. We are not properly meeting the needs of students to be admitted to college and to graduate college. The study looks at national data sets of curriculum-based achievement test data from preschool, elementary, and secondary education students to recognize college level entree and attainment. He was also curious about the gap between our nation and state standards being high enough to meet college readiness and success. His report solely looked at math achievement. His reasoning was that high school math is one of the strongest predictors of college success and because testing data is widely available and objective. Lee looked at three different sets of national data across education, to examine college readiness benchmarks again two-year and four-year colleges admission and graduation. This is a summary of each of those data sets: †¢ Tracking Average Math Achievement Levels: Lee used prior research from the national academic growth trajectories to use a longitudinally data sets to track math achievement growth during P-12. †¢ Estimating Math Achievement Benchmarks for College Readiness: This study used benchmark scores from NELS exams against students who attended a two-year versus a

Mass General Hospital Free Essays

What are the primary challenges in improving operating processes in a health care environment? †¢Maintaining Quality Care. †¢Coordination of department segments †¢Reducing cost without compromising patient care †¢Support from the staff / stakeholders †¢To remove / determine non-value added activity †¢Conformance and control 2. What is a care path? Care path is used to manage the quality in healthcare with regards to standardization of care process by minimizing delays and with resource utilization while maximizing the quality of care. We will write a custom essay sample on Mass General Hospital or any similar topic only for you Order Now . What are its specific features? †¢Control Cost †¢Diagnostics testing†¢Standardization †¢Create efficiencies †¢Improves communication †¢Improves coordination †¢Allows for flexibility †¢Provides Reliability †¢Faster diagnostics a. What does it not do? ?Apply to all ?Make any guarantees 4. What are the most common causes of extended stay for CABG patients? †¢Not having a Care path †¢Amount of therapy required †¢Level of complications †¢Health care payment method 5. What are some of the important steps the team took to develop the care ath to make it acceptable to everyone involved? †¢Creating of cross functional teams †¢Working with and listening to everyone †¢Making all feel like part of the process †¢Ensuring there are quality controls / checks and balances 6. What are the hazards of standardizing the process too rigorously? †¢Not getting buying from staff †¢Misdiagnosis †¢Increasing cost 7. What are the dangers of allowing too much freedom to customize the process? †¢Increasing cost †¢Failure to collaborate †¢Patient takes too long to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed 8.Does every care path patient have to go through all the steps in the care path? What happens to patients who do not follow the path fully? †¢No, patients can be removed from any step within the care path once it is determined that the care path is not going to work for the patient. Obviously there is going to be a percentage of patients that are going to deviate from the standard. For these patients they must follow a path specific to receiving the proper diagnosis and treatment. This may require addition diagnostic testing, seeing specialist, longer stay, additional therapy etc. How to cite Mass General Hospital, Papers

Australian Contact Law Contractual Creation

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Contact Lawfor Contractual Creation. Answer: Introduction Within the territories of Australia, contract law encompasses the scope to study and practice the following broad studies: contractual creation, capacity and substance of contract, evasion of contractual liability, recital and annihilation of contract and the cure for violation of contract[1]. Therefore, one can state that any promise rendered between two more parties, through written means comes under the classification of a contract law. In Australia, majorly the contract law is controlled by the common law, however, as time has passed by, various statutes have come into existence which are reflecting and resonating the provisions of the common law of contract[2]. It must be taken into account that the primary source of contract law in Australia comes from the common English Laws, with reflection from chronologically updated judgments in the courts of Australia. The history of change in application of contract law can be best explained through the radical approaches shown by majority of the English lawyers. I would like to quote one of the greatest English lawyers, Sir Frederick Pollock who wrote to Oliver Wendell Holmes in 1877, Laws do not subsist for the technical fulfillment of the legal intellect, but rather for the expediency of the common people who sue and are sued. Now, it can be said that law existing for practical purposes are more definite lacking an explicit code than with one appears to be steep paradox.[3] Termination of a contract can occur when one of the innocent parties claims foul play or violation of the terms of contract by the other party. In such cases, the right to terminate a contract may come into place either through the means of the provisions entered into the contract or by means of operation of law. In case the right to terminate a contract arises through the means of operation of law, the innocent party to contract holds the right to terminate the contract wherein the violation is repudiatory. Body What is Breach of Contract? One of the most important facets of the Australian contract law has become to be the deciding factors prima facie which takes into consideration that a contract has been breached by the one of the parties to contract. It is a phenomenon which provides the power to a contracting agent, the right to discharge himself from a particular contract owing to the allegiance of the other partys intention to breach a contract.[4] Judges in the past have faced immense difficulty in gauging when a breach to contract has taken place; however, after the historical judgment in the case of Photo Production Ltd v Securicor Transport Ltd, the grounds for breach of contract came into clear existence. When Can Breach of Contract Occur? One can take a wide look at the various situations where the breach of contract may occur. The following paragraph will explain these situations as well as take up examples which replicate the situations, thereby explaining to the readers whether termination of contract for breach of condition is important, even if it is a minor one. In the case law of Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd, grounds for breach of contract were established under three different manners. Firstly, a party must renounce the contract. This leads to a situation where in one of the parties to contract has restricted itself, intentionally or unintentionally, from following the different functions and deliverables it was entitled to provide to the other party. A simple example of this could be a contract law between a contract laborer and a construction company where the construction company has stopped paying the hourly wages to the laborer. In such a case, the construction company has renounced itself from the obligations of a contract, therefore, terming it into a case of renunciation from contractual law. Other situations where the contract is deemed to be terminated owing to breach of contract could either be a violation of an essential term or a serious violation of a non-essential term in the contract[5]. Termination for Breach of an Essential Term In the position of Australian law, one must notice that a contract can be terminated for the breach of an essential term. Now, one must notice that this essential term need not be a major part to the contract, however, could also represent a minor part to contract; which might lead to major change in the deliverable mentioned in the contact[6]. For instance, the contract could mention the payment of the wage in Australian Dollars; however, in case the manager pays the employee or contractual employee rather in a currency against which the value of Australian Dollars has decreased, it shall be considered a minor violation of the contractual law, should the manager disagree to pay him in Australian Dollars (however, leading to discharge of contract by the innocent party). Under this doctrine, it has been clearly mentioned that wherever in a contract, a term is expressed as a condition; the violation of such a condition leaves the innocent party with a right to terminate the contract, at his own discretion. The existence of such a legal policy clearly establishes the fact that the Australian contract law does not pay heed to whether the degree of breach is major or minor. A mere violation of the condition is deemed to be a violation of the contract; thereby empowering the innocent party to contract a right to terminate the contract altogether at his own will and discretion[7]. The condition herein could be termed as a condition by the relevant applicable statute, by either of the parties themselves, or as a facet of the contract. This position was summarized in Ankar Pty Ltd Arnick Holdings Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd. Termination for Serious Breach of an Intermediate Term: The Hong Kong Fir Doctrine The Hongkong Fir Doctrine broadened the scope of termination of contract by the innocent party to contract. The issue raised herein was whether charterers under a time charter party had a right to cease the contract, against a breach found in Clause 1 of the charter party agreement. The Doctrine of Hong Kong Fir was responsible for the birth of the deciding factor whether a term was a condition or a warranty. In case it was a condition, the breach of the condition would always lead to the innocent party an upper hand in deciding whether they wanted to terminate the contract or not. By all means of legal provision, it was a terminated contract under such situations, even if the breach was considered to be a minor one. On the other hand, had the term been expressed as a warranty, it would have been impossible for the charterers to terminate the contract given the breach of the seaworthiness term, irrespective of how serious the breach was in the given scenario? Heres where the birth of a third way was given by Diplock LJ, who gave a preferenced judgment to performance of contract over its termination thereby initiating the system of adoption of such categorization. Conclusion The idea that a contract may be terminated for breach of condition is an important one because even a minor breach of such a term will justify termination of the whole contract. It is truly applicable under the Australian contract law, wherein the idea of judgment for assessing the termination of contract is not whether the breach of condition was minor or major. Given the degree of increase of law statutes associated with the contract law, supplemented by the court judgments passed since the late 1900s, it can be safely stated that the Australian contract law has evolved over a long period of law, and is still evolving. References Brownsword, Roger, Retrieving Reasons, Retrieving Rationality? A New Look at the Right to Withdraw for Breach of Contract (1992) 5Journal of Contract Law83 Carter, John W; Tolhurst, GJ and Peden, Elisabeth, Developing the Intermediate Term Concept (2006) 22 Journal of Contract Law 268; (https://www.lexisnexis.com.au/aus/academic/carter/documents/jcl_developingtheintermediatetermconcept_web.pdf) Carter, John W, Intermediate Terms arrive in Australia and Singapore (2008) 24 Journal of Contract Law226; Clarke, Julie, Australian Contract and Consumer Law (February 9, 2016) Australian Contract Law https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/ Gamble, Roger, Australia and the Intermediate Term-No country for old rules, 2008. Swanton, Jane, Discharge of Contracts for Breach" [1981] MelbULawRw 4; (1981) 13(1) Melbourne University Law Review 69 Wan, Alex, Corporation and Contract Law, Thomson Reuters 2015, 154 Wan, Alex, Corporation and Contract Law, Thomson Reuters 2015, 156 Wolfe Howe, Mark De (ed), The Pollock-Holmes Letters (Harvard University Press, 1942) vol 1, 8.

Critical Perspective on Management and Leadership

buy custom Kolb’s Learning Theory essay

buy custom Kolb’s Learning Theory essay Kolbs learning theory refers to a holistic perspective, which combines perception, experience, behaviors, and cognition. Martin (2006) defines learning as the process of creating knowledge by transforming experience. The components of Kolb learning theory involve observations and reflections, concrete experience, application in new situations, and formation of generalizations. These four components form the learning cycle of Kolb, which shows how experience undergoes transformation to guide people on active experimentation as well as how to choose new experiences (Swanson Holton, 2001). This discussion will consider observations and reflections, concrete experience, application in new situations, and formation of generalizations as the four components of Kolbs learning theory. Concrete experience (CE) is a stage of Kolbs learning cycle in which the learner experiences activities such as field work or lab session in an active manner (Martin, 2006). Direct experimental data are inevitable for the concrete experience. The experimental data enable people to solve various problems that they face. This stage provides a basis for reflective observations. Observations and reflections refer to the stage of learning in which learners reflect back on their earlier experiences in a conscious manner. Under this stage of learning, a person takes what he or she has concluded and watch to check if it is functional. Observations and reflections undergo assimilation and distillation into abstract conceptions, which produce new deductions for actions to create new experiences (Martin, 2006). Formation of generalization component refers to a stage of learning in which learners attempt to conceptualize a model or theory of what they observe (Martin, 2006). In this stage, people look at things as ideas and concepts after processing, which convert raw details into abstract concepts. Internal processing leads to the creation of meaning. The final component of Kolbs learning cycle is the application in new situations. In this component, learners are making attempts in planning to test models or theories or planning for forthcoming experiences (Martin, 2006). Under this stage of learning, an individual takes what he or she has concluded and do an experiment on it to check if it is functional. Buy custom Kolb’s Learning Theory essay

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The French Revolution - Essay Example They also cancelled all the special privileges of the many nobles and clergymen they felt were clogging up the system. They then looked at what the Americans had done with their Declaration of Independence from the U.K. in which they had tried to give equal rights to everyone. The French basically copies a lot of this and the Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This didn’t have any legal effect, but it was supposed to guide the government in making a new constitution. In the new document, all citizens are supposed to be guaranteed the rights of â€Å"liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.† The Declaration argues that the peoples’ need for laws comes from the fact that â€Å"...the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the enjoyment of these same rights.† So the declaration sees law as a kind of â€Å"expression of the general will,† intending to promote equality of rights and to stop â€Å"actions harmful to society.† This was popular with many groups of people who had been disenfranchised under the old system and were looking for a big change which would give them more political power and reduce their tax rate. Previously the nobles had all the power and all the money; people were fed up and wanted things to be more equal. They felt they were a group that could no longer be trampled on by the upper classes, and that they h ad individual rights and should be able to be active French citizens. Two branches of politics can be seen to come out of this period. In the first—the American model—we can see people respecting individual rights and power devolved from government. In the second model we can see a sort of radicalism that destroys the old order and replaces it with a new radical order that wants everyone to be completely equal. This is the basis and foundation of Communism—many of whose

Job Description Posting for Fritzas Childrens Clothing Research Paper

Job Description Posting for Fritzas Childrens Clothing - Research Paper Example All job descriptions should be clear and concise and should answer all the questions for the employees (Management, Web). The small business chosen for this assignment is Fritza’s Children’s Clothing. The need for creating a job description is determined when the need for an additional job is felt by the management. It can also be determined if the employee responsible for this particular job did not carry out his duties well and therefore, a replacement is needed. The duties of a clothing store employee include keeping all the retail areas in an orderly way. Te duties could also include folding and hanging the items neatly, vacuuming, cleaning the dressing rooms and all other duties related to the maintenance of the store. The employee would also be responsible for providing superior customer service. The employees should communicate in an effective way and assist the customers in every way possible. The employee should also have good persuading skills to persuade the customers to buy the clothing items they like. The employee will be required to be friendly and customer oriented. The main focus should be on customers as they are really important for a clothing store. The employ ees are also required to be clean and have a professional appearance. Other requirements include punctuality as well as basic skills including mathematical to count the money and other related tasks. In order to apply for this job at the Fritza’s Children’s Clothing store the employee also need to have some preexisting knowledge or skills required for the position. These jobs normally have an entry level requirement and employees should be currently enrolled in high school or should have completed high school. The employees should have the basic knowledge and know-how related to customer interaction. In all, the employees should basically know how to interact with customers effectively

Violation Of Code Of Ethics Construction Essay

Violation Of Code Of Ethics Construction Essay Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 2 route 28 was built by Malaysian Public Works Department to connect neighborhoods near the boundary of Kuala Lumpur. The entire highway system consists of Federal Route 28, from Sri Damansara to Sunway Interchange and from Sunway Interchange to Sri Petaling Interchange. MRR2 is generally referred to Route 28 since Route 28 occupies about two-thirds of the system. Construction on this ring road would divided on 3 phase. These sections include Kepong-Gombak, Gombak-Ampang and Ampang-Sri Petaling. The contract period is 36 months and was completed in 34 months (May 1999 to March 2002). CONTROVERSAL ISSUE First closure The Kepong Flyover was reported to be faulty because 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks. Public concern about the safety issues at Kepong Flyover was due to the risks faced by at least 4,300 motorists using the flyover at a time. Investigations were held by the government and as a result, Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic and then Initial findings by PWD suggested that the temporary hoisting crane mounted on the permanent RC structural piers to launch the precast beams to the bridge decks could have exerted pressure on the concrete crossbeams and caused the cracks. It is found that the structure at the 11th package of the MRR II was found to be unstable because of the strain and caused the beams to split at three sections. The PWD, which carried out its own probe, revealed that the MRR IIs Kepong Bridge, was not stable due to internal redistribution of forces and alternative load paths due to yielding of reinforcement caused by excessive hot temperature there was no homogenous drying, externally and internally, because of differential (uneven) drying of concrete. British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd said the cracks that have appeared on 31 of the 32 crossbeams since 2000 nothing to do with the design. Halcrow has found a rare phenomenonthe expansion of a chemical compound, ettringite, had caused serious cracks. The compound contains calcium, aluminium, oxygen, sulphate, and water. Halcrow recommended to JKR to waterproof the bridge immediately, so that the delayed ettringite formation (DEF) would not result in further cracks. Ettringite is found in cement. Usually, it does no harm. But, under rare conditions such as during concrete hardening, temperature reaching over 70 degree Centigrade in the presence of sulphate and plenty of water, ettringite is formed, expanding dangerously. If all the cracks are not waterproofed, more water seeps into them, aggravating the situation. The Sun Daily  reported that the MRR2 cracks due to design flaw and improper anchorage of crossbeams that was supposed to be the verdict of Halcrow. The design also did not indicate the proper anchorage of the beams and the columns. Halcrows report was prepared by its bridge engineering director Roger J.Buckby and submitted to the Works Ministry. The main cause of excessive cracking in the crosshead to the T-shaped pier is a deficiency in the design and the anchorage of the columns reinforced into the crosshead. There is also a deficiency in the design of the transverse reinforcement in the top of the crossheads to resist splitting forces between bearings. The horizontal cracking in the crosshead directly above the columns is a direct result of the inadequate anchorage of the column bars into the crosshead. Second closure On 4 February 2006, the Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic from 10:30 a.m. after serious damages on the flyover was confirmed. Traffic jam also has rose due to the incompletion of the MRR2 on 8 December 2006; the Kepong Flyover was reopened to all traffic. Third closure On 3 August 2008, Kepong flyover was closed to all traffic after three of the eighteen carbon fibre panels on pillar 28 had peeled off. Pillar 28 is where the German consultant Leonhardt Andrà ¤ und Partner (LAP) did the repair works as a sample for Malaysian contractor to follow. ACCIDENT ANALYSIS Violation of Code of Ethics Section II (2)(a) Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved. The Kepong Flyover was reported to be faulty because 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks. The engineers and contractors were responsible in this case. The main cause of excessive cracking in the crosshead to the T-shaped pier is a deficiency in the design and the anchorage of the columns reinforced in the crosshead. There is also a deficiency in the design of the transverse reinforcement in the top of the crosshead to resist splitting forces between bearings. The horizontal cracking in the crosshead directly above the columns is a direct result of the inadequate anchorage of the column bars into the crosshead. Section II(1)(a)- If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate. In this case, public concern about the safety issues at Kepong flyover was due to the risks faced by at least 4,300 motorists using the flyover at a time. Despite numerous repairs and much of taxpayers money spent, people are questioning the safety and condition of the bridge despite the assurances by the relevant authorities. Users or clients were deprived of usage of the bridge causing them to use other congested roads, waking up early to travel and returning home late, using more petrol and diesel, more time wasted on roads and making users more tired. The cost here is political cost. Section II (3)(b) Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter. According to British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd that has sought the service of Glascow University, ettringite is found in cement. Usually, it does not harm. But, under rare conditions such as during concrete hardening, temperature reaching over 70 degree Centigrade in the presence of sulphate and plenty of water, ettringite is formed, expanding dangerously. If all the cracks are not waterproofed, more water seeps into them, aggravating the situation. Section II (3)(a) Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was current. Works Minister Datuk S.Samy Vellu imposed a gag order on his officers saying that he alone will handle any queries on the Middle Ring Road 2 (MRR2) Kepong flyover repairs. But he was reluctant to answer question on the flyover which had been closed for repairs to cracks on 30 pillars which had attracted the Anti-Corruption Agencys attention. Prevention Safety Guidance The engineering society codes of ethics, NSPE (National Society of Professional Engineers) has provided guidance in handling or preventing the event from happening, as discussed below. Section III (9)(e) Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and should keep current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice, participating in continuing education courses, reading in the technical literature and attending meeting and seminars. Based on a statement by the Public Work Departments consultant, Kohler Seitz, they have indicated that faulty design had caused the pillars of MRR2 flyover to crack. This means that the crack might be caused by faulty design by the engineers. Referring to the code of ethic above, the MRR2 engineers should be up to dated towards the latest design. The word of faulty design should have not occurred at all because the MRR2 is cost up to RM 238.8 million. So, the MRR2 design engineers should improve their design skill so that their design will not have serious problem in the future. Section III (1)(a) Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts. The engineers shall accept the truth regarding their faulty work on the MRR2. Consultant Company, Kohler Seitz have indicated that faulty design had caused the pillars of MRR2 flyover to crack. In this case, they with the help of government were denying that statement. Then, government had to appoint British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd to study the cracks that have appeared on 31 of the 32 crossbeams since 2000. This was a huge waste of money and times. They should be responsible if the cracks occurred is because of their mistakes. Section II (1) Engineer shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. In designing and construction process of MRR2, the engineers should hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. They must obey the standard approved by the authorities in choosing the material used. This is because, if they use cheap and low quality materials to gain maximum profit, they might endanger public that will use the highway in the future. Section III (1) (f) Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required. For the sake of publics safety, health and welfare, engineers should do whistle blowing. Whistle blowing is an act by an employee of informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behavior by an employer or supervisor. In MRR2 case, if they have qualified all the 4 conditions to do whistle blowing, they are obligated to do this. It is acceptable to blow the whistle to protect the public interest. ETHICAL THEORIES PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUE Utilitarianism Definition of utilitarianism is balance between good and bad consequences of an action The good thing is MRR2 brought travel within easy reach The bad thing is the controversial Issues. Right Ethics Definition of right ethics is the people have the fundamental rights that other people have a duty to respect The right to use the flyover safely Do not want to keep stuck in traffic jam as a result from the closure of the MRR2 Do not want to see the few well-connected companies or individuals profit at the public expense Duty Ethics Definition of duty ethics is people have duties to protect the rights of others Fidelity : the duty to keep promises Contractors and engineers have failed to design and build the flyover in compliance with the contract Justice : the duty to recognize merit work minister does not take any action against the irresponsible contractors and consultant Beneficence : the duty to improve the conditions Repairs cost RM40 mil to RM70mil Cause by improper planning and poor cost estimation and poor administrative of the Work Minister This expenses could be reduced if he appointed a reliable contractor to build the flyover Virtue Ethics Irresponsibility Engineers did not fully supervise the project Minister did not give explanation of the RM70 million bill No actions taken towards original contractors Dishonestly Denied cracks were due to design flaw Did not build according to right specifications and designs Case Analysis Problem Solving Factual issue: For the first closure, 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks. At some pillars and tiers, there were more than 7000 cracks detected Investigations were carried out by 4 different parties, namely Maunsell, Sharma Zakaria (the designer), Kà ¶hler Seitz Engineering Services (appointed by the contractor), Halcrow Consultants Ltd. (appointed by JKR) and  Leondhardt Andrà ¤ und Partner (LAP) Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic and then reopened with only 4 out of 6 lanes Works Minister reminded the public that the cracks were not due to design flaw Halcrow Consultants Ltd. suggested the design did not comply with the requirement of BS5400, the improper anchoring of the column rebar to the crossbeams and the formation of ettringite  (Delayed Ettringite Formation were responsible for the cracks Ettringite is found in cement, the expansion of a chemical compound, had caused serious cracks For the second closure 4 February 2006, the Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic from 10:30 am after serious damages on the flyover  and reopened on December 8, 2006. For the third closure, on 3 August 2008, Kepong flyover was closed to all traffic after three of the eighteen carbon fibre panels on pillar 28 had peeled off Pillar 28 is where the German consultant Leonhardt Andrà © und Partner (LAP) did the repair works as a sample for Malaysian contractor to follow. Conceptual issue: The crack on the pillars that support the flyover resulting the MRR2 cannot be opened for traffic and huge jam was occurred. Although investigation had been carried out, the crack on the pillar still occur. Based on the investigation, main problem is because of the MRR2 design did not follow the BS5400 requirement. Moral issue: The accident make us to be more aware of the safety of people that used the flyover Designer of the MRR2 unable to make a design that follow the specification of flyover that leads to crack on the pillars. The lack of communication skills between the team makes the accident repeated and cannot be fixed faster. Government should find the company that are capable enough to build the bridge and make troubleshooting properly. To find a solution for the case, the flow charting technique is used because it is easy to understand and it is able to show the chain of event happens by following the step-by-step approach. Fig. 2 Flowchart for MRR2 accident From the flowchart drawn, it is obvious that problem occurs because of the design and material used did not follow the specification. Although there were teams that assemble to investigate the problem, they cannot find the exact solution on how the problem occurs. Different teams come out with different problem and solution. To prevent it from happening again, designer should follow the rules and make sure material used are correctly picked What Should Have Done by People Involved? All the people involved in the accident should have done differently in avoiding the accident from happen to the flyover, as described below: Engineers Design Engineer should have designed the flyover intelligently and professionally to avoid design flaws. Besides, the engineers should have tested the flyover for its lifespan and capability to support the busy traffic so that the flyover can function without cracking. Management Should have monitored the whole project by itself to ensure everything is done accordingly and no design flaws should occur. The quality of the flyover should have been examined by the management team. Government Should have assigned the construction project to reliable constructor so that the extra millions of ringgit will not be spent to repair the flyover. After the incident happened, the Ministry should inform the public about the causes of the cracked pillars and admit the mistakes done by the ministry. Local authority should put more concern on the project by monitoring the construction and getting report of the construction progress from time to time. In addition, local government/authority should have evaluated the whole project and the contractors capability before approving the project. IV.CONCLUSION All in all, huge sum of public tax-payers money, amounting to a few hundred million ringgit, were used to carry out all these repairs. There were talks of litigation, but somehow, as time went by, things just fizzled out. Even though this major bridge was closed to the public three times, and millions of public ringgit had been spent on repair work, yet there was no public enquiry in order to find out as to what had actually gone wrong, so that everyone including civil and structural engineers could learn from the mistakes. In closing, this bridge is still being carefully monitored by the Malaysian government. V.REFERENCES Maverick, SM., Project Report Middle Ring Road 2, February 2006 Maverick, SM., Risk, Health Safety, February 2006 Charles B. Fleddermann., Engineering Ethics (3rd Edition), Pearson Practice Hall , University of New Mexico, 2008 Main Portal for Kementerian Kerja Raya Fuel prices likely to drop The Star Online August 4, 2008 Monday New Straits Times,2006,MRR2 Cracks, 3rd Jan, Malaysia Berita Harian,2006,PM: MRR2 ditutup lindungi keselamtan pengguna, 5th Mac, Malaysia Ismail E,2006.Seminar Paper: Industrialization of Malaysian Construction

Reaction to Everyday Use Essay

Everyday Use is a short story written by Alice Walker about a family of three, Mama, the narrator, Maggie her youngest daughter, and Dee, her eldest daughter. Both daughters are completely different, Maggie is a simpler person and Dee is high maintenance. Dee has always the home she was brought up in and everything to do with her childhood. She always wanted more and Mama gave her the best she could. One day, years after Dee has gone off to college, she returns to visit Mama and Maggie’s new home (the other had been burnt down when Dee was still living with them), and she brings along a man, possibly her husband. When Dee returns she has changed her name and has come hoping to retrieve certain family heirlooms. Walker uses different literary tools to tell this story in a way that makes the audience think about what she is trying to tell the audience. Strategy The main literary strategy Walker uses in the writing of Everyday Use are irony and symbolism. Mama and Maggie value the quilts discussed in the story, not as folk art, instead for what they are intended to be used for, a source of warmth. Mama would rather give Maggie the quilts and let her put these quilts to use even though they may end up ruined because she knows that she is the one that will appreciate and love the quilts the most. Dee wants to in a sense save the quilts from the harm that she is sure that her sister, whom she seems to think is intelligently inferior will ruin but she does not understand the true value and worth of these quilts. Dee’s sudden interest in her heritage and want to embrace different objects from her family’s past is obviously seen by her mother as empty. In Mama’s eyes the best way to keep the quilts and the love and care that comes with them in the family is to hand them over to Maggie, even if it means them possibly being damaged or worse yet, destroyed. This is the irony in the story. Many would think that preserving the quilts is the only respectful way of keeping the spirit of their family alive, but instead Mama sees deeper than that, she sees in actuality the best way to keep the spirit of their family alive is to put them to use so that more memories can be connected to them. Using them in daily life is a way to keep the family history and spirit alive, and to even add onto it. Theme The consistent theme of Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† is appreciating the past, and one’s family. This theme was one that I found I could identify with greatly along with certain aspects of the story. The author skillfully tells us the story of two sisters, Dee, and Maggie, to prove her point. Dee comes home with a new contemporary identity tied to her African heritage, which she believes white men and women have tried to take away from her. She now embraces this African heritage and sees it as an important part of her. She scornfully asks Mama (the narrator) to not address her by the name her mother gave her, Dee, but to instead call her Wangero, assumed to be a name from her African herritage: â€Å"What happened to ‘Dee’?† I wanted to know. â€Å"She’s dead,† Wangero (Dee) said. â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.† Wangero (Dee) assumes and argues with her mother that she has been named after a white man or woman. Mama attempts to convince her that her name was not given to her by a white man or woman but that she was named after her grandmother. Dee resists what her mother has told her and insists that if she were to follow the line that it would go back to a white man or woman. Maggie, is unashamed of her past, she actually embraces it. She has always loved the quilts that her mother and aunt made from clothing that her grandmother had pieced. This section of the story is the prime difference between the sisters is revealed: Dee would like to use the quilts as pieces of artwork for her own home because it is something that would be stylish and argues with her mother that Maggie â€Å"would be backward enough to put them to everyday use.† Dee says this as if it were a bad thing to use the quilts as they were intended to be used but Mama believes that the everyday use, is the best way to value the past, to keep the spirit of the family going and not putting the items up for display as if they were in a museum or separating oneself from his or her family. This is something that I can identify with. When I was younger my great-grandmother had always crocheted afghans for each of her children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. My cousins had when we were little looked down at these beautiful afghans and wanted instead store bought blankets. I treasured the afghan that my great grandmother had made me and used it often. When we were older, and she had passed away, my one cousin was going through a phase similar to Dee’s, she was suddenly very interested in our family history, and she now wanted the last afghan that my great grandmother made. She ended up being the one to receive the afghan because I did not feel like fighting over it. I did not want to receive it with a fight because I knew that it would tarnish the meaning for me but I always found it interesting how she changed her mind once became, for lack of a better word, â€Å"cool† to embrace family history and to like handmade items. Active and Responsive Reading While reading Everyday Use one inference that I made was that the story was set in the early 1970s. I made this inference from the way Mamma, the narrator, described Dee in the present day. I thought that the dress, accessories, and hair style Dee was described to have seemed to match up to fashion from the early 1970s. Dee is a vain, hypocritical, and condescending individual, this was my impression from my first reading of the story and after reading it twice more, I found that my impression of Dee did not change from my first reading. Mamma did the best she could for Dee as she grew up. Dee always despised the house they lived in and never saw the house that was built after the fire until she visited. Mamma and their church raised money so that Dee could get a higher education and go off to college. Dee uses her education as a way to look down on her mother and sister. She does not understand why they will not better themselves as she has. In this visit she begins asking her mother for things that she had never wanted before and looked down at. She now wants these items not as reminders of her family but more as pieces of art. Two of these items were quilts made by Grandma Dee. In the past when offered these, she had told her mother that the quilts were â€Å"too old-fashioned, out of style†. Now she thinks that they would make beautiful pieces Alice Walker writes this story I think for every family and every person in a family. In a world where people are consumed with art, fashion, and style, I think she is reminding us that there is more to some items than art, fashion, and style. Many times we think the only way to appreciate something is to frame it or put it up for display and not put it to everyday use in fear of ruining it but Walker uses this story to show us that there is more to appreciating something than just displaying it. Sometimes to best appreciate a piece of ones heritage through an heirloom you should use it for its intended purpose. In conclusion Walker teaches us a lesson about family and keeping the spirit and story of our family alive by not merely displaying our heirlooms but putting them to use. She uses irony to help tell her story and support her theme. Walker chooses a story that people can relate to and learn from.

Needs of Customer Essay

When customers walk into a restaurant, whether it is McDonald’s or Chez Pierre, they expect to be acknowledged. This is a small service, but it is imperative to the success of the restaurant, as customers who are not greeted may simply walk out and eat somewhere else. The type of host a restaurant has will depend on the type of restaurant it is as well as how busy it is. Some restaurants pay hosts to greet customers, call names off waiting lists and walk customers to their tables. In other restaurants, management and wait staff take over this duty. Regardless of what you can afford for your restaurant, always make sure someone has the responsibility of greeting the guests and that person knows it is her responsibility. Wait Staff When customers go to a restaurant, they expect a good wait staff, unless they are dining at a fast-food chain. Even then, customers expect the counter workers to get their orders right in an appropriate amount of time and solve problems quickly and courteously. In traditional, sit-down restaurants, customers expect the wait staff to be attentive, but not too attentive. Wait staff should not hover or interrupt, but they also should come back frequently enough to attend to their customers’ needs. In addition, they should bring food in a timely manner and handle problems, such as food that has been sent back pleasantly. Customers also expect wait staff to be friendly and personable. Environment Customers usually go to restaurants to meet with others socially in a friendly environment. Although environment is not usually considered a service, service plays a large role in creating a good environment. In addition to making sure the restaurant is clean, attractive and the decor is consistent with the food and restaurant’s image, restaurant owners need to tell their staff it’s OK to let guests linger. Wait staff should not hint that it is time for the guests to go. For example, they should not rush the food to the table unless the customer requests it. They also should not start to clean nearby tables in an obvious manner or wait for customers to get out their money to pay the check. To the contrary, wait staff should say things like, â€Å"Feel free to chat as long as you like — let me know if you’ll need some dessert or a drink refill. † Food and Drink Probably the most important service that a customer expects to receive when dining out is a good selection of delicious and well-presented food. According to London wine writer Jamie Goode, it is more important that food be simple and good tasting, made with quality ingredients, than to be fancy or pretentious. Goode also notes that customers expect a large wine selection that is not overpriced. Furthermore, customers expect food to be consistent with the image of the restaurant. Customers who are dining at a family restaurant, for example, expect sandwiches, traditional dinners and moderate prices. At a more elegant restaurant, prices can be higher but food needs to be more of the gourmet variety.